Infectious Bursal Disease

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting young chickens, primarily targeting the bursa of Fabricius, leading to immunosuppression. The disease is caused by a virus of the Birnaviridae family.

SYMPTOMS
CAUSES
PREVENTION
TREATMENT

Symptoms

  • Chickens (Most Susceptible):
    • Acute Form (3-6 weeks old):
      • Sudden onset depression
      • Ruffled feathers
      • Watery diarrhea
      • Dehydration
      • Trembling
      • Severe prostration
      • Death within 2-3 days
      • Mortality 20-30%
    • Subclinical Form:
      • Immunosuppression
      • Increased susceptibility to other diseases
      • Poor growth
      • Reduced vaccine response
  • Note: Turkeys, ducks, and other birds are generally resistant to clinical disease but may carry the virus.

Causes and transmission

  • Viral Characteristics:
    • Highly resistant virus
    • Survives extreme environmental conditions
    • Two serotypes: 1 (pathogenic) and 2 (non-pathogenic)
  • Transmission Routes:
    • Direct contact with infected birds
    • Contaminated feed and water
    • Feces
    • Equipment
    • Personnel
    • Resistant to many disinfectants

Prevention strategies

  • Vaccination Program:
    • Breeder vaccination
    • Proper timing of vaccination
    • Maternal antibody monitoring
    • Multiple vaccine types available
  • Biosecurity:
    • Strict sanitation protocols
    • All-in-all-out system
    • Visitor restrictions
    • Equipment disinfection
    • Age segregation
  • Management:
    • Good ventilation
    • Proper stocking density
    • Clean water supply
    • Stress reduction

Treatment options

  • No specific treatment exists. Focus on:
    • Supportive care
    • Electrolyte supplementation
    • Vitamin supplementation
    • Antibiotics only for secondary infections
    • Good nursing care

Conclusion: Recovery from infection provides long-lasting immunity.