Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis is a bacterial infection caused by various Salmonella species, primarily S. pullorum, S. gallinarum, and S. enteritidis. It’s a significant zoonotic disease affecting both poultry and human health.

SYMPTOMS
CAUSES
PREVENTION
TREATMENT

Symptoms

  • General Symptoms (All Poultry):
    • Depression and lethargy
    • Decreased feed consumption
    • Diarrhea
    • Dehydration
    • Increased mortality
  • Specific Manifestations:
    • Chickens:
      • White diarrhea in chicks
      • Respiratory distress
      • Joint inflammation
      • Reduced egg production
      • Poor growth
    • Turkeys:
      • Central nervous system signs
      • Lameness
      • Twisted necks
      • Higher mortality in poults
    • Waterfowl:
      • Generally more resistant
      • Mild symptoms
      • Can be asymptomatic carriers

Causes and modes of transmission

  • Bacterial Characteristics:
    • Multiple Salmonella serotypes
    • Environmental persistence
    • Heat and drug resistance
  • Transmission Routes:
    • Vertical (through eggs)
    • Horizontal (bird to bird)
    • Contaminated feed/water
    • Environmental contamination
    • Rodent vectors
    • Human carriers

Prevention strategies

  • Biosecurity:
    • Strict hygiene protocols
    • Pest control
    • Clean water supply
    • Feed management
  • Sanitation:
    • Regular cleaning/disinfection
    • Proper waste management
    • Equipment sterilization

Treatment options

  • Immediate Actions:
    • Isolation of affected birds
    • Antibiotic therapy (under veterinary guidance)
    • Supportive care
  • Supportive Treatment:
    • Electrolyte replacement
    • Vitamin supplementation
    • Temperature management
    • Stress reduction

Note: Treatment should always be under veterinary supervision due to antibiotic resistance concerns and public health implications.