Turkey Rhinotracheitis Virus

Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease caused by avian metapneumovirus (aMPV). While primarily affecting turkeys, it can also infect chickens and other birds. The disease causes significant economic losses in commercial turkey production.

SYMPTOMS
CAUSES
PREVENTION
TREATMENT

Symptoms

  • Turkeys:
    • Severe respiratory distress
    • Nasal discharge and sneezing
    • Swollen sinuses
    • Foamy eye discharge
    • Reduced feed intake
    • Drop in egg production (in breeders)
    • Mortality rates 1-30%

Causes and modes of transmission

  • Viral Characteristics:
    • Avian metapneumovirus
    • Multiple subtypes (A, B, C, D)
    • Highly contagious
  • Transmission Routes:
    • Airborne spread
    • Direct bird-to-bird contact
    • Contaminated equipment
    • Movement of infected birds
    • Wild birds

Prevention strategies

  • Biosecurity:
    • Strict access control
    • Proper ventilation
    • Equipment sanitation
  • Management:
    • Strategic vaccination timing
    • Stress reduction
    • Environmental control
    • Regular health monitoring
    • Isolation of new poultry

Treatment options

  • Direct Treatment:
    • No specific antiviral treatment
    • Supportive care only
  • Supportive Care:
    • Antibiotics for secondary infections
    • Environmental optimization
    • Electrolyte supplementation
    • Vitamin support
    • Reduced poultry density

Conclusion: Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing secondary infections.